Power transfer here means the path of force from the leg via foot and cycling shoe to the pedal. The study measures this path at its narrowest point — the interface between foot and shoe.
Figure 1 — total force per measurement
- without insole
- with Winsole
| Measurement | without insole (N) | with Winsole (N) | difference (N) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 290 | 300 | +10 |
| 2 | 130 | 260 | +130 |
| 3 | 400 | 580 | +180 |
| 4 | 360 | 370 | +10 |
| 5 | 90 | 150 | +60 |
| 6 | 80 | 110 | +30 |
| 7 | 190 | 260 | +70 |
| 8 | 120 | 150 | +30 |
| 9 | 110 | 120 | +10 |
The three core statements
1. Direction: An increase in force was measured in all pressure analyses. No measurement showed a reduction in force.
2. Magnitude: The mean force increase is 58 N.
3. Spread: The range spans 9 N to 180 N. Within this data series the largest increase falls on measurement 3 (400 N → 580 N), the smallest on measurement 1 (290 N → 300 N).
Pressure level and increase
Notably, the force increase was greater at higher pressure moments. The study explains this by foot and knee joints having to stabilise particularly high pressure and compensate potential instabilities at high power output at the pedal — precisely where the support of the insole takes effect.